Today's Frame

Why was the Great War the first significant case of modern industrial warfare and how did it introduce the concept of "total war"?

Today's Frame

What are the precise underlying and immediate causes of the The Great War?  

Today's Frame

How did visual culture develop a "Modernist" sensibility during 19th-century Europe?  How did various artistic and architectural movements reflect and even provoke or promote the "ism's" consuming broader European culture?

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Imperialism Primary Sources

"The White Man's Burden," Rudyard Kipling

Heart of Darkness excerpt, Joseph Conrad

Imperialism Treaty sample (similar to Bentley's Sources from the Past)

Today's Frame

As Europeans divided nearly the entire African continent into colonial possessions during the Berlin Conference, how did the Scramble for Africa generate a huge infusion of capital for the Europeans and widespread devastation for African nations?

Today's Frame

How did European imperialism impact Asia, Africa, and the Pacific regions?  How did the various types of colonialism affect each region and nation?

Primary Source: Marx & Engels

The Communist Manifesto excerpt